Free Chapter From Defining Philosophy Book I

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"THE PHILOSOPHY OF MORALS AND VALUES" BY NICOLA

FROM BOOK I, DEFINING PHILOSOPHY'

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In BOOK I, "Defining Philosophy," we define primitive philosophy through FIVE MILLION YEARS of history and the glaring differences socially with the introduction of religious imaginary gods that has devastated human existence in the short span of less than 6,000 years.

Chapter 1. from BOOK I, 'Our Genetic Birth' We learn of our primate origins as tree dwellers and how scientific genetic research establishes the time five million years ago of humanoid beginning.

Chapter 2. "Lucy," The find in Africa, of the almost complete fossil skeletal remains of "Lucy" three and a half million years ago was empirical evidence that she was bipedal and erect.

Chapter 3. 'The Savanna and Aquatic Theories," The savanna theory of how we became upright, bright, and became a naked ape seems to show little evidence, but the aquatic theory explains much more in evolutionary concepts with evidence of our genetic aquatic traits.

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Page 51

CHAPTER 4. The Primitive Nomad - A Lover

Primitive nomadic life was a necessity in order to follow the herd or find another source for food. It also had its risks. Some skirmishes with other clans along the way were legitimate differences in who made the kill or who was there first to scavenge or forage. There was fear of other clans since they had experienced being attacked and food stolen from them. They were subject to getting robbed and hurt or killed by clans that preyed on anyone who had food. Just as we, possess free will, they too made decisions to take from others or to forage and scavenge. Savage, this was, but not all would be ferocious or barbarous.

Someone had to gather and forage for food before someone could steal. The whole society could not be thieves. Thieves appear in scarcity and flourish after someone has worked to produce something. There was also the danger of losing one's life in the attempt to steal as well as having to look over one's shoulder because of a revengeful victim. Thieves ran great risks since they did not know the victim or his fighting prowess. The thieves ran the risk of being killed, crippled, or worse, being just slightly wounded which meant infection, a slow and horrible death, and for what? At most, it would be for one day's food.

To be sure, there was thievery, murder, and killing in retaliation, but it would not be popular to risk one's life over something that with the same amount of effort one could scavenge and feed himself. If our life is at stake, one thinks very carefully of his actions. Most infractions towards the individual or clans in those primitive times was usually met with death which may have controlled people's will to make bad choices. We may have more crime today because we take little effective retaliatory actions against those who make immoral choices. In many cases, we elect not to mete out any punishment for wrong behavior because many people today have the notion that a human being is not psychologically responsible for his actions. Some believe imaginary mythical beings (the gods), will make the judgment, since they imagine man's behavior as predetermined by the 'gods'.

Rupert Furneau, in "Primitive People," commenting on the 1966 discovery of the Tasaday Tribe in the Philippines, a group of twenty people living in what appeared as a relic of the stone age, said, "The most remarkable fact that we have learnt is that they lack belligerence." 21 The Zulus in Africa find war, "incomprehensible." The Lapps and Eskimos are peaceful and loving with no record of their ever going to war against each other, even though their societies lead mostly a nomadic existence as individual family clans.

The natural primate humanoid inclination to avoid confrontation caused them to move on to less populated areas, thus pushing humanity up through the Niloc route (Nile valley) to the Mid East, European and Asian continents, about 500,000 years ago. Then the population spilled out of Asia and Europe into the arctic and through the Alaskan route into the Americas. The Alaskan route closed with the melting of the glaciers and subsequent rising of the oceans about 10,000 years ago. But the population was being pumped up from the African and Asian shores in greater numbers.

Stone Age technology would spread all over the world, and to the Americas taking with them skills, traits, and customs they learned 20,000 and 10,000 years ago. They made scrapers, points, hand axes, and choppers. Where they roamed in the colder climates, they made needles from bone to sew skins for clothing. Those by the seas and rivers made fishhooks. If stones were large in an area, then large points were knapped (one stone chipping another). If the stones were small in an area, then smaller tools were crafted. The competition for food, the changing climate, and the need to move on were critical decisions that may have kept them from creating new technology. Besides, it was serving them well. With Stone Age technology, humanoids, by 10,000 years ago, managed to occupy the entire world, by surviving all climates, world environmental changes, and then they would be on the verge of two great discoveries, the understanding of fertility in agriculture, and animal husbandry.

Two million years ago man was becoming more and more intelligent. His brain was enlarging. With an increasing capacity to remember, he was remembering the yesterdays, the past successes, and the failures. When he found himself facing the same problem, he remembered what he did and should not do, and once confronted with similar situations, he corrected his actions. There was an evolution in learning. The primitive would use his memory more and more, recall to consciousness, returning to the subconscious, and repeating that process in the quest to find food. It was not entirely clear to him, but, he was not only remembering the sexual episodes, but other things would remind him of her. There was a desire just to be with her, her kindness, and those perky little kids who were beginning to help somewhat.

The great joy in the first unions between men and women was for sexual favors, (we will be hearing from the guys on this). There was no other reason except that it was sex and economics. However, they were also learning to love. Despite her periods of gestation and rearing, she had time available to contribute to the food supply. This helped him in his struggle to feed more than himself. The real bond was sexual. Without sexual desire, they would have never mated joined forces and created mankind. Their first priority then, was to have a source of food, second was to satisfy their great sexual need and third was safety, to live as long as possible. It is perhaps in that order since many men have risked their lives for sex.

Procreation was a concept, of which they had absolutely no idea existed. Therefore, it was not the reason they took a mate. To take a mate was not to start a family but to love being together and to enjoy each other sexually. Love and sex was the motivation that took man on his long nomadic journey of five million years. However, the acceptance of each other to experience this great joy was based on primitive human values as we today, a socioeconomic union.

The institution of marriage and a long loving life together is still alive and well. We are all human, and a loyal sensual mate is the ultimate source of our happiness and that is what will always marry men and women. If sexual desire is considered bad, evil, wrong, dirty, sinful, unlawful, or hedonistic, and we believe such things, then we will destroy human nature and the institution of marriage, because the sexual, for all men and women, is reaching for the ideal in human affection. And for it to be meaningful affection, it must be reserved for the one who is moral, and reflects our personal values. It is what sustained the primitive nomad on his trek through five million years of history. Man is nomadic, and his prime motivation is not war, but to roam and survive in a quest for love.

(END)

When you finish with Book I, Defining Philosophy, Book II, Metaphysics and Book II, Epistemology you will better understand our human nature. The next three books, Book IV Morals, and Book V, Values are the theses for "The Philosophy of Morals & Values" and the moral and value philosophy dictates the proper role for government scientifically. This book is a journey though your roots, your mind and your nature.

NOTE
The reference to primitive human society of clans, was for five million years an individual family of mother father and their children and perhaps an elder, their parent, together who lived and scavenged as individual families. They were not of the much later larger Cro Magnon, tribes of family clans, who joined together to hunt large animals. The 'primitive' is referred to in every book in this volume - the genealogy of our species. Our roots before Cro Magnon man, 40,000 years ago, going back to our genetic birth 5,000,000 million years ago, we were primitives. We are still humanoid, but an advanced stage of the Cro Magnon man.